图1. 蝙蝠是很多致病新型病毒的天然宿主。 [来源:亨尼巴病毒属,CSIRO, CC BY 3.0,通过维基共享 /丝状病毒科,图片来源:CDC/辛西娅·戈德史密斯(Cynthia Goldsmith),公共领域,通过维基共享 /冠状病毒科,公共领域] (Henipavirus:亨尼巴病毒属;Filovirus:丝状病毒科;Coronavirus:冠状病毒科;Nipah:尼帕;Hendra:亨德拉;Ebola:埃博拉;SARS:严重急性呼吸综合征;MERS:中东呼吸综合征;COVID-19:2019冠状病毒病)
图15. 蝙蝠控制病毒和炎症的独特免疫能力源自飞行。[来源:本作作者] (Impact of flight on evolution:演化出的飞行能力的影响;Flight:飞行;Metabolism:新陈代谢;Reactive oxygen species:活性氧的种类;Cell damages: DNA, lipids, proteins:细胞损伤:DNA,脂质,蛋白质;Positive selection:正向选择;Reduction of inflammation in bats:蝙蝠炎症的减少;Mobilisation of interleukins to curb the interferon response:动员白细胞介素来抑制干扰素响应;decrease in the interferon regulation factor(IRF3):干扰素调节因子的降低;Decrease in the interferon beta:干扰素β的降低;Low level of inflammation:炎症等级降低;Advantageous for virus replication:利于病毒复制;Bat cell:蝙蝠细胞;Virus replication:病毒复制;Virus:病毒;Control of virus attack:抵御病毒攻击;Higher basal level for interferon expression in bats:蝙蝠干扰素更高基础等级的表达)
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